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Just click on the title “Before marriage (equality)….”
Last
week’s US Supreme Court ruling declaring that marriage is a fundamental right
and that barring same-sex couples from access to that right is unconstitutional
unleashed torrents of joy and commentary that have only now, almost two weeks
later, started to ebb. Some folks have bemoaned how long it took us to get to
this point. Personally, I’m astonished at how quickly it happened, especially
relative to other social justice movements. In a single lifetime, my
lifetime—in fact, in what I call my “conscious lifetime,” i.e., the period
since adolescence—the status of LGBT folks has shifted from our being regarded
as illegal, immoral, and insane to our achieving constitutionally sanctioned
participation in what is historically the most revered heterosexual institution
of our society. How amazing to have been present for all of that—and even
engaged in some parts of it.
Just
days after that ruling, we took a long-planned trip to Philadelphia, where we
joined in celebrating the 50th anniversary of the birth of the gay
rights movement. Now, the modern queer rights movement is usually dated from the Stonewall uprising, that iconic moment when
a group of LGBT folks refused to be herded into a police paddy wagon outside a
Mafia-owned bar in NYC. That event, now commemorated around the country by
Pride parades and festivals, happened in the early morning hours of June 28,
1969, some 46 years ago. So why was this celebration on July 4 in Philly—wrong day,
wrong year, wrong city—billed as the 50th anniversary of the LGBT rights
movement?
It's
all about the parts of history we don't usually hear. Here's the story, for
folks who don’t know it, followed by glimpses of this great three-day
celebration.
The
contemporary LGBT movement in the US actually began in the 1950s, though it was known in
those days as the “homophile” movement (the word means, roughly, “affection for
the same”). The primary focus of that movement was on freedom from
discrimination, especially in the workplace, and freedom from police
harassment.
The
event we celebrated in Philadelphia this past week, which preceded Stonewall by
four years, was a carefully coordinated series of pickets (a tactic borrowed
from the African-American Civil Rights movement) carried out by members of this
homophile movement. These gay and lesbian picketers chose Philadelphia because
it’s home to the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and perhaps
most importantly, the Liberty Bell. Other folks organizing for their rights—notably,
the abolitionist movement and the suffrage movement—had also employed the
symbolism of that bell. In each case, the argument was that the nation was not
living up to the promise of the founding documents or of the caption inscribed
on the Liberty Bell, “Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land
Unto All the Inhabitants thereof.”
|
Barbara Gittings, a key organizer of the Reminder Days, walking the picket line. |
In
1965, identifying as “homosexual” (the term widely used at the time by LGBT folks
as well as their detractors) could easily land someone in jail or a mental
institution, could mean medical “treatments,” the loss of your job, your
housing, and your relationships with family and friends. Yet in that
atmosphere, 40 brave folks chose to picket in front of Independence Hall in
Philadelphia. The demonstrations began on July 4, 1965, and continued annually
through 1969. The activists called these “Reminder Days”—reminders that a group
of citizens were still excluded from equal rights. The last Reminder Day, which
happened in 1969, just days after the Stonewall uprising, had about 150
picketers. Then, recognizing that Stonewall could be (to quote a speaker from last
week’s event) the Boston Tea Party of the LGBT movement, the organizers turned
their skills to planning the first ever Pride parade in NYC for the year after
Stonewall. And with that commemorative march, the tradition of annual Pride
celebrations and, as legend has it, the contemporary gay rights movement were
born.
It's
not a stretch to say that these daring Reminder Days helped build the momentum
that would launch the modern movement, provided the fuel that Stonewall then
ignited. So why don't we hear more about these folks and their persistent
picketing? Good question, to which I have no definitive answer. But here are
some thoughts.
|
Frank Kameny, the other main organizer, talks with onlookers |
First,
the early homophile movement has often been criticized as too assimilationist, dismissed
for being so willing to tolerate persistent homophobia, so limited in its aims,
so eager to accept tolerance as an acceptable goal. Some of these early activists
didn't even question the then-dominant notion that homosexuality was a mental
illness—they just thought that this shouldn’t matter as long as the condition
did interfere with a person’s ability to function on the job or in the world.
One indication of their conservative bent was seen in the strict dress code
required of people in the picket lines—men wore suits and ties, women wore
dresses, heels, and pantyhose. The goal was to look “normal” and employable, in
keeping with the aims of that early incarnation of the movement. But from the
perspective of later years and a more ambitious agenda, their stance has been
regarded as regressive at best and drenched in internalized homophobia at
worst.
Which
brings us to a related reason for the relative invisibility of this launching
moment: by 1969, the year of Stonewall, picketing, which was initially regarded
as a radical and risky undertaking, was no longer viewed as radical enough. This was the era when the
student movement, the anti-war movement, the feminist movement, and others were
in full, flowery swing. People were rioting in the streets, taking over campus
buildings, burning draft cards, turning on and dropping out, clashing with
police in hand to hand battle. In the midst of that sort of energy, the Stonewall
rebellion probably looked far more like a happening worthy of consideration as
the origin of this vibrant social change movement than orderly pickets in front
of Constitution Hall ever could be. Interestingly, during the 1969 picket, some
marchers already began violating the dress and behavior codes, wearing more
casual clothing and even holding hands —a clear sign,
if anyone were looking for one, that the movement was morphing. Whatever the
reason, Stonewall quickly became the moment of the movement’s mythical birth, and
the Reminder Days were largely forgotten.
For
the two of us, both LGBT history buffs, this trip was a total treat, a chance
to immerse ourselves for a few days in the events of 1965–1969, a pleasure magnified
by the Supreme Court’s recent marriage ruling. The juxtaposition of our
simultaneous engagement in these half-century-old events and in this
remarkable, singular moment in contemporary history was sort of mind blowing.
What an incredible time to be alive! Imagine it: to have been around at the
time of those early pickets and to still
be around to witness this momentous shift in our place in society. What a gift
to be here, in this movement at this moment.
Our
time in Philly was a three-day submersion in queer history, community, and
celebration—all framed over and over by reminders that we have so much work yet
to do. Marriage was a marvelous accomplishment, but it doesn’t solve enduring
problems of anti-LGBTQ discrimination in housing and employment. It doesn’t
address the pervasive difficulties faced by trans folks, especially trans women
of color. It doesn’t address the needs of LGBTQ youth, especially in poor,
rural, or conservative areas where LGBTQ identity is far from accepted. It
doesn’t address issues related to immigration, doesn’t provide answers to
income equality, doesn’t solve problems of second-parent adoption and other parenting
concerns. Heck, marriage doesn’t even solve the problems of huge numbers of
LGBTQ adults who are, for whatever reason, not joining in that institution.
But
let me stop with the lecture and tell you about our marvelous time in
Philadelphia. First, it felt surprisingly affirming to realize that the city of
Philadelphia was honoring this day as a major historical event. There were 50th
anniversary banners hanging all around the Independence National Historical Park
(the site of Independence Hall, the Constitution Center, Congress Hall, the Liberty
Bell Center, etc.), and the museums that participated had created impressive,
curated exhibits about it. It wasn’t just a token acknowledgement of the date,
but a full-blown city-sponsored occasion. Against this very validating
background, we spent our time dwelling in the historic, the celebratory, and
the challenging.
|
The "Gay Pioneers" marker with Independence Hall in the background. |
We
began our adventure with a visit to a marker installed by the city of
Philadelphia honoring these so-called Gay Pioneers, where we caught a glimpse
of James Obergefell, the lead plaintiff in the marriage case (and thereby the
benefactor of these early activists’ daring). From there, we moved on to a
packed itinerary of museums, discussions, films, and panels, with meals grabbed
on the run and an inadvertent tour of much of downtown Philadelphia. We heard
panels on legal issues, on legislative issues, on historical perspectives, saw
a film about “Gay Pioneers” and one about Black LGBTQ identities, attended an
interfaith service led by Bishop Gene Robinson at historic Christ Church (where
we sat in the pew that had been reserved for George and Martha Washington and
John Adams), and were treated to lively audience discussions that pointed to
everything from the roots of the LGBT movement in other movements to the sexism
of (even) the queer movement—although that last notion was rejected by the event’s
organizer. Between schedule events, we wandered among sponsoring museums and
institutions—the Museum of African-American History, the Museum of American
Jewish History (which has started a Tumblr site to collect LGBT oral histories),
Liberty Bell Center, and the Museum of We
the People at the National Constitution Center—all of which had major
special exhibits honoring this 50th anniversary.
I
learned so much ... new facts and also new perspectives on things I knew. But
rather than dwell on all that, let me share some of the mood of these excellent
days through a few photos.
|
Three of the original picketers |
|
The Liberty Bell Center's silhouette depiction of the Reminder Days (complete with Barbara Gittings' sunglasses) |
|
The National Museum of American Jewish History offered congratulations outside ... |
|
... and exhibits related to Jewish queer experience inside |
|
The African-American History Museum featured Gerard Gaskin's photographic study of the house ballroom culture ... |
|
... a celebration of Black and Latino urban queer life that provided a safe space and a support system for queer people of color. |
|
... at historic Christ Church, where many "founding fathers" worshiped. |
|
Out lesbian entertainer Wanda Sykes served as m.c. for the final ceremony ... |
|
... where a break in the rain and some rousing music inspired a bit of flag waving, both queer and patriotic
|
All in all, it was a good weekend. A good Reminder.
© Janis
Bohan, 2010-2015. Use of this content is welcome with attribution and a link to
the post.
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