About a year ago, there was an exhibit in Denver that featured the inventions of
Leonardo da Vinci. I went three times. I (am) was so intrigued by this man’s mind—his amazing creativity
across a whole range of domains, his ability to imagine contraptions into
existence, his incredible powers of observation. I kept going back, and each
time I saw new things.
Well, my partner
spotted my fascination with all things Leonardo, so she just gifted me with a
book called Leonardo’s Notebooks: Writing and Art of the Great Master.
And today, wonder of wonders, I actually found myself with a spare hour to
begin reading it. I was so enthralled by this book, I figured I needed to pass
on my excitement—much as I did last year, dragging other folks to the exhibit.
So now I've entered a new phase of my enthusiasm about Leonardo. As you likely
know, Leonardo da Vinci was a 15th century largely self-taught, multi-media genius. The
exhibit I visited over and over last year featured his inventions, many of which anticipated (by centuries) later technological "innovations." I won’t
dwell on those (although I could!) because I did that in an earlier blog.
And then another one.
I’ll just share a couple of pictures to remind you how grand this exhibit was.
At that exhibit, my
partner and I also saw a movie that dealt more with da Vinci's historical context, his life, and his art (not that his inventions weren't "art"). He didn’t create many well-known paintings—although a couple are totally iconic:
But his drawings
are legion. And, it turns out, so was his writing about art. Some of it borders on poetic ("And if you, O poet, tell a story with your pen, the painter with a brush can tell it more easily, with simpler completeness and less tedious to be understood"). Other parts border on pedantic ("The principle movements of the hand are 10; that is, forwards, backwards, to right and to left, in a circular motion, up or down, to close and to open, and to spread the fingers and to press them together").
This book consists
almost entirely of da Vinci’s writings and drawings. The “Leonardo’s Notebooks” of the title refers to several loose collections of da Vinci’s drawing and writings—about 4,000 pages in all. The various “notebooks” are vaguely grouped by topic—but often cover multiple topics, even on a single page.
You may know that he wrote
in “mirror writing.” This was not, it turns out, because he was paranoid about people
being able to read what he wrote. Nor was it because he had some strange form
of dyslexia or a neurological condition that made him see things backwards.
Nope, it was because he was left-handed and had the same problem many
left-handed folks report (or did back in the day of writing things by hand)—the
ink gets smeared as the writer dragged her/his hand along “behind” the pen. But how
amazing, whatever the reason! To be able to write both forward (which he also
did) and backward. It’s a relatively small slice of his genius, but still …
The notes in
this book demonstrate Leonardo’s amazing powers of observation—and his
insistence that such careful observation is absolutely key to good art. For
instance:
“It is indispensable to a painter to be thoroughly
familiar with the limbs in all positions and actions of which they are capable …
Then he will know the anatomy of the sinews, bones, muscles, and tendons so
that, in their various movements and exertions, he may know which nerve or
muscle is the cause of each movement and show those only as prominent and
thickened, and not the others.”
To gain the
knowledge necessary to be “thoroughly familiar” with all the bones and nerves
and muscles and tendons and sinew, da Vinci, was a very careful student of
anatomy. This is a bit surprising, as the Catholic Church, which pretty much
ruled Europe at that time, forbade autopsies or dissection of any type. But
apparently Leonardo had an “in” with the Pope and was allowed to perform
autopsies to learn the details of human anatomy. And learn he did. In fact, he
made many drawings of those muscles, bones, and sinew—and this precise understanding
of the body’s parts allowed him to draw (and then paint) human figures that
were remarkable for their anatomic precision and realistic movement.
In fact, he seems to have been virtually obsessed with precision. Many of his writings go on in great detail about the precise proportions of various body parts to the total body size—and numerous drawings illustrate those principles. Here are
some examples of his anatomical drawings, some of which will be familiar. These drawings are in the book, where they are easier to peruse in detail. The versions below are taken from google images, so pardon the variation in size and quality. Just to give you an idea ...
The same focused
and detailed observation is also necessary, he argued, for drawing or painting
non-human subjects. A few more (google) examples:
But it was not
enough to observe the human figure carefully. Paintings often have multiple
people, of course, so da Vinci also instructed painters about that:
“To compose [groups of figures] … when you have well
learnt perspective and have by heart the parts and forms of objects, you must
go about and constantly, as you go, observe, note, and consider the
circumstances and behavior of men [sic] talking, quarreling, or laughing and
fighting together; the action of the men themselves and the actions of by
standers … And take note of them with slight strokes in a little book that you
should always carry with you. And it should be of tinted paper, that it may bot
ne rubbed out … Change the old [when it is full] for a new one. These things
should … be preserved with great care, for the forms and positions of objects
are so infinite that the memory is incapable of retaining them, wherefore keep
these [sketches] as your guides and masters.” [Isn’t this amazing? What focus,
what presence, what total single-minded attention to his work!]
And the details and realistic poses of the figures in his drawings are testimony to how seriously he took his own guidance.
Other sections of
the book present his notes and drawings about perspective and visual perception,
anatomy and physiology, botany and landscape, physical science and astronomy, architecture
and city planning, sculpture and metalwork, inventions and experiments (the
focus of last year’s exhibit), and assorted other topics ranging from poetry
and art to war machines. The book closes with Leonardo’s contributions to the
practical wisdom and philosophy of his day—a section I can hardly wait to read.
I’m not sure what
my point is here. Partly, I was just so energized by spending some time playing
in this man’s mind, and I wanted to share the excitement. Partly, I suppose, writing about
this book seems like a bit of an antidote to my last blog, which may have
seemed dour or fatalistic. In truth, delving into this book is exactly the sort
of experience that keeps me surprised and delighted as life moves forward—a way
of staying engaged rather than drifting.
So, maybe you can consider
this blog simply an invitation. If you’d enjoy a glimpse into a remarkable mind—and
I really mean a remarkable mind—track
down this book. Just looking at the pictures will keep you happily amazed for
some time. And then, if you have the time and interest to devote to Leonardo’s notes, I think you’ll find that you’ve met genius in black and white. And sometimes sepia.